Tyrolean DNA admixture and genetic structure: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Interesting information for genetic genealogy and populations genetics of human DNA from the historical Tyrol region (South Tyrol, North Tyrol, East Tyrol, Trentino) and bordering regions (Austria, North Italy/Padania, Switzerland, South Germany, Slovenia, Croatia, Alpine France).
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Interesting information for genetic genealogy and populations genetics of human DNA from the historical '''Tyrol region''' (South Tyrol, North Tyrol, East Tyrol, Trentino) and bordering regions of Central Europe: '''Austria''' (Vorarlberg, Salzburg, Carinthia/Kärnten, Upper Austria/Oberösterreich, Styria/Steiermark), '''North Italy''' (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piemonte, Aosta, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany), '''Switzerland''' (Graubünden/Grisons, St. Gallen), '''South Germany''' (Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg), '''Slovenia''', '''Croatia''', '''East/Alpine France''' (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine, Rhône-Alpes), Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania.
  
 
== Autosomal and complete genome ==
 
== Autosomal and complete genome ==
 
[[Bild:Dodecad Oracle Clos Calc TiGenID006.png|thumb|admixture example]]
 
[[Bild:Dodecad Oracle Clos Calc TiGenID006.png|thumb|admixture example]]
 
Publications:  
 
Publications:  
* [http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n2/full/ncomms1701.html#/access New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing], 2012 (Ötzi DNA, 1 ancient sample)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.3378/027.081.0629 '''South Tyrolean Isolated Populations''' Y-DNA (UEP), mtDNA, and 8 Alu Polymorphisms], Pichler, Mueller, Stefanov et al. 2006 (277 samples)<br>Y-DNA Puster Valley (n=35) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 34%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a* 6%, L 3%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 3%<br>Y-DNA Eisack Valley (n=34) P* (xR1a) 46%, BR* (xDE, JR) 29%, R1a* 15%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%, E3a 3%<br>Y-DNA Badiot Valley (n=24) P* (xR1a) 58%, BR* (xDE, JR) 21%, R1a* 13%, L 8%<br>Y-DNA Lower Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR), R1a1 13%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%<br>Y-DNA Upper Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 56%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a1 3% <br>Y-DNA Stilfs (n=37) P* (xR1a) 35%, BR* (xDE, JR) 32%, E* (xE3a) 14%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 14%, R1a1 3%, E3a 3%<br>Y-DNA South Tyrol (n=194) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 7%, R1a* 5%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 4%, R1a1 3%, L 2%, E3a 1%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 1%
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200608/ai_n17171073/ Genetic Structure in Contemporary South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome, mtDNA, and 8 Alu Polymorphisms], 2006 (277 samples)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2350-8-29 '''South Tyrol three microisolates''' (MICROS) Genetic study], Pattaro et al. 2007 (1175 participants)
* [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/8/29 The genetic study of three population microisolates in South Tyrol (MICROS): study design and epidemiological perspectives], 2007 (1175 participants)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00274.x '''South Tyrol Isolates''' Value for Genetic Dissection of Complex Diseases], Marroni, Pichler et al. 2006 (403 males)
* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00274.x/full Isolates in South Tyrol and Their Value for Genetic Dissection of Complex Diseases], 2006 (403 males)
 
  
 
== Y-DNA and mtDNA ==
 
== Y-DNA and mtDNA ==
* [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v18/n4/abs/ejhg2009172a.html Drawing the history of the Hutterite population on a genetic landscape: inference from Y-chromosome and mtDNA genotypes], 2010 (US S-leut: 90 females, 75 males)
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* [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081704 '''Demographic Histories, Isolation and Social Factors as Determinants of the Genetic Structure of Alpine Linguistic Groups''' Y-DNA, mtDNA], Coia, Anagnostou, Ferri, Brisighelli, Busby, Capelli, et al 2013 (609 samples)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201906'''South Tyrol isolates''' mtDNA Y-DNA - Ladin communities], Thomas et al. 2007 (263 men, 56 LVB, 46 LVG, 52 GVL, 50 GVU, 59 ITA)<br>LV (Ladin, n=102, LVB Badiot n=56, LVG Gherdëin n=46): ~R1b 65%, ~G+I 13%, J 12% (LVB 5%, LVG 20%), L 6% (LVB 9%, LVG 2%), ~E 3%, R1a 2% (LVB 0%, LVG 4%)<br>GV (Vinschgau German, n=102, GVL Latsch n=52, GVU Laas/Prad n=50): ~R1b 42%, ~G+I 25%, J 14%, R1a 9% (GVL 12%, GVU 6%), ~E 8% (GVL 6%, GVU 10%), L 2%<br>ITA (Ital.speakers BZ, n=59): ~R1b 37%, ~G+I 25%, J 15%, ~E 12%, ~K*(S?) 5%, R1a 3%, L 2%
  
== Y-DNA (Paternal Line) ==
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== Y-DNA (Y-Chromosome, Paternal Line) ==
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[[Tyrolean Y-DNA]]
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Publications
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* '''Tyrolean Alps''' Y-chromosome Variability, sample evaluation, collection of 3.800 blood samples begins in Jan. 2007, [http://gerichtsmedizin.at/tyrolean_alps.html project description], German Project Site: [http://tirol-studie.at/ historisch-genetischer Hintergrund Tirol]
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* [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00414-012-0751-1?LI=true Frequency Y-chromosome Tyrolean district of '''Reutte'''], Erhart, Berger, Niederstätter et al. 2012 (261 samples, 17 Y-STRs, 19 Y-SNPs)<br>R1b-U106/S21 20,9%, R1b-M269* 13,6%, R1b-U152/S28 12,4%, I1-M253 10,5%, G2a-P15 8,5%, E1b-M78 8,1%, J-M304 8,1%, R1a-M17 7,8%, I2-M223 2,7%, I2-P37.2 2,7%, K-M9* (LT, NO) 0,8%, P-M45* (Q) 0,8%, G-M201* 0,4%, I-M170* 0,4%, R1-M173*
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041885 '''East Tyrolean''' Dissection of Y Chromosome Variation], Niederstätter, Rampl, Erhart, Pitterl, Oberacher et al. 2012 (270 samples, 17 Y-STRs, 27 Y-SNPs)<br>R1b-U106/S21 18,9%, I1-M253 15,9%, R1a-M17 14,1%, R1b-U152/S28 12,6%, J-M304 8,9%, G2a-P15 7,4%, R1b-M412/S167* 4,8%, E1b-M78 4,4%, R1b-S116* 3,0%, I2-M223 2,6 %, R1b-L23/S141* 1,9%
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.158 '''Tyrol''' Y-SNPs Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b], Niederstätter et al. 2008 (135 individuals)<br>R1b-U106/S21 60%, R1b-U152/S28 21%, R1b-U198 2%, R1b* 19%
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0546-8  '''Tirol''' Y-STR typing], Berger, Niederstätter et al. 2005 (135 unrelated men and 70 sons)
  
== mtDNA (Maternal Line) ==
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== mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA, Maternal Line) ==
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== Emigrants ==
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2009.172 '''US Hutterite''' Y-DNA and mtDNA], Pichler et al. 2010 (US S-leut: 90 females, 75 males)
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* [http://www.jogg.info/52/files/Petrejckova.htm '''Slovak Hobans''' (former Hutterite) Y-DNA], Petrejčíková et al. 2009 (39 males)
  
 
== Bordering Regions ==
 
== Bordering Regions ==
* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00042.x/full mtDNA in Bosnians and Slovenians], 2003 (144 + 104 samples)
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=== North Italy ===
* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x/full Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y], 2005 (90 Croats, 81 Serbs and 85 Bosniacs)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.083 Microgeographic Y '''haplotypes Italy'''], Pelotti et al. 2008 (1288 + 526 samples from “regional” or “local” recruitment)
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* [http://dx.doi.org.sci-hub.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.007 haplotypes and haplogroups '''differences Rimini'''], Ferri et al. 2008 <br>98 from Rimini: R1b 51%, J2 17%, E3b1 11%, G 7%, E3b3a 4%, I* 4%, N3 2% <br>65 from Valmarecchia: R1b 46%, J2 15%, E3b1 18%, G 11%,  I* 3%
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.025 Microgeographic Y '''variation Ravenna''''s area], Pelotti et al. 2008 (122 samples - 100% diverse, mainly R1b and E3b1)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0054-x haplotypes in '''Northeast Italian''' population], Turrina et al. 2006 (155 Y-STRs)
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=== Germany (South) ===
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* [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ejhg2012190a.html Paternal genetic landscape of Polish and German (incl. '''Bavarian Augsburg/Swabia''')], Rębała, Martínez-Cruz, Tönjes, Kovacs et al. 2012 (Augsburg/Swabia N=218, 39 HG, 19 STR)<br>I1-M253* 13,8%, R1b-U106* 11,5%, R1b-U106-L48 9,2%, R1a-M17-M458 7,8%, E1b-V13 6,9%, R1b-P312* 6,9%, R1b-U152-L2* 5,5%, R1a-M17* 4,6%, R1b-U152* 3,7%, G2a-P15 3,2%, I1-M253-L22 3,2%, J2a-M410-M67* 3,2%, I2-M423 2,8%, R1b-L23* 2,8%, I2-M223 2,3%, J2a-M410* 2,3%, J2b-M241 1,4%, R1b-L21 1,4%, etc.
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=== Italy (incl. Mid)===
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.083 Microgeographic Y '''haplotypes Italy'''], Pelotti et al. 2008 (1288 + 526 samples from “regional” or “local” recruitment)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.170 '''J2''' in an Italian sample], Onofri et al. 2008 (Over 200 M172 for 7 Sub SNPs)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030 '''Italian''' Y-DNA variation], [http://vetinari.sitesled.com/meso.pdf PDF], Capelli et al. 2007 (~700 individuals from 12 different regions)<br>Val Badia n=34: R1(xR1a) 68%, K*(xN3,P) 9%, J2 9%, E3b1 6%, I*(xI1b2) 6%, G 3%
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-007-0153-y sub-Apennine populations of Central Italy by SNP and STR analysis], Onofri et al. 2007 (17 Y-STR, 37 Y-SNPs in 162 subjects)
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* [http://veprints.unica.it/25/1/contu_daniela.pdf '''Sardinia''' isle Y-DNA], Contu 2007 (376 Y from 3 different regions)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10265 '''Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily''' Peopling Y-DNA], Francalacci et al. 2003
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2 '''Italy''' Y-DNA diversity], [http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/italy.pdf PDF], Di Giacomo et al. 2003 (890 Y: 524 Italians, 154 continental Greece, 212 Crete + islands)
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=== South Italy ===
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.120 '''Sicily''' Y-DNA Greek & African], Di Gaetano et al. 2008 (236 samples from 9 different areas)
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=== Balkan ===
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.030 '''Serbia''' Paleolithic Y-DNA ], Regueiro et al. 2012 (103 samples, 104 Y-SNPs)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-003-0394-3 '''Slovenia''': Y-DNA and mtDNA], Manfreda Vakar & Vrečko 2010 (320 Y, 329 mt)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/10.1007/s00414-010-0432-x Y variation in '''Albanian''' populations], Ferri et al. 2010 (12 Y-STRs in two major and two minor populations), [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2010/03/y-chromosomes-of-albanian-populations.html Dienekes]
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* [http://www.veneti.info/prispevki/multilingua/english/263-y-dna-routes-of-the-ancestors-of-slovenes Slovenes Y-DNA Haplogroups], Veneti.info 2008 (n=310, R1a 37%, I2a 22%, R1b 16%, I1 10%, E1b 5%, J 3%, G 3%, I2b/L/T 3%)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x/full '''Balkan'''s Y-DNA and mtDNA landscape], Bosch et al. 2006 (~400 Y, ~380 mt)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x/full '''Bosnia-Herzegovina''': Y-DNA], Marjanovic et al. 2005 (90 Croats, 81 Serbs and 85 Bosniacs)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-003-0394-3 '''Slovenia''': mtDNA], Zupanic Pajnic et al. 2004 (129 Slovenians)
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* [http://www.theslovenian.com/articles/skulj.htm '''Etruscans, Veneti and Slovenians''': mtDNA], Škulj 2004 (mt study comparison ancient/modern)
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00042.x/full '''Bosnia'''ns and '''Slovenia'''ns mtDNA], Malyarchuk et al. 2003 (144 + 104 samples)
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* [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v9/n9/abs/5200709a.html '''Adriatic Island''' isolate Hvar mtDNA (F)], Tolk et al. 2001 (108 samples)
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=== Ancient ===
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* '''South Eastern Europe''' historic Illyrians Y-DNA, Sujoldzic 2007 (evaluation of various studies), [http://www.anthroinsula.org/resources/Iliri-english%20text%20version.pdf PDF]
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* '''Skeletons from Usedom''' 12th-13th century Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Freder 2010 (200 skeletons, Y-DNA 1 E1b1b, 1 R1a1a7, mtDNA 2 H, 2 K), [http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000019471?lang=en Dissertation (german)], [http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000008413/Dissertation_Freder.pdf PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2011/02/medieval-dna-from-usedom-germany.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Ancient Bavaria''' 7th Century Y-DNA, Vanek et al. 2009 (6 x 24 STR, 4 R1b two sibling, 2 G2a), [http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.286 CMJ Open-access journal], [http://neuron.mefst.hr/docs/CMJ/issues/2009/50/3/CMJ_50(3)_VANEK_19480023.pdf PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2009/06/y-chromosomes-from-7th-c-ergolding.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Bronze Age''' Lichtenstein Cave in Germany, Schilz 2006 (DNA 34 skeletons 3000 BPE, estimated presence Y-DNA I1b2*, R1a1, R1b1c), [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/schilz/schilz.pdf PDF Dissertation (german)], [http://d-nb.info/982142943 d-nb.info], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenstein_Cave#Ancient_DNA_Tests Wikipedia]
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* '''Corded Ware Culture burials''' Eulau Central Germany, Haak et al 2008 (4600 BPE, 13 skeletons, Y-DNA R1a, mtDNA 3 K1b, 2 X2, U5b, I, H, K1a2), [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/11/17/0807592105.abstract PNAS journal (Open-access after 6 months)], [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/11/17/0807592105.full.pdf+html PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2008/11/y-chromosomes-and-mtdna-from-eulau.html Dienekes Blog], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familiengr%C3%A4ber_von_Eulau Wikipedia german]
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* '''Neolithic southwestern France''' from Treilles, Lacan et al 2011 (5000 BPE, 53 skeletons, Y-DNA 20 G2a, 2 I2a), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100723108 PNAS journal (Open-access after 6 months)], [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/05/24/1100723108.full.pdf+html PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2011/05/y-chromosome-mtdna-and-autosomal-dna.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Tyrolean Iceman''''s genome, Keller, Zink et al. 2012 (5275 BPE, Ötzi Y-DNA G2a2b-L91, mtDNA K1, Autosomally nearest to modern Sards), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1701 Nature Open-access journal], [http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n2/pdf/ncomms1701.pdf PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2012/02/complete-genome-of-tyrolean-iceman.html Dienekes Blog], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman#Genetic_analysis Wikipedia]
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* '''Neolithic Spain''', Lacan et al 2011 (7000 BPE, Y-DNA 5 G2a, 1 E-V13), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113061108 PNAS journal (Open-access after 6 months)], [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/10/24/1113061108.full.pdf+html PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2011/11/y-haplogroups-e-v13-and-g2a-in.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Neolithic Linearbandkeramik''' Derenburg, Haak et al 2010 (7200 BPE, 2 F*(xG,H,I,J,K), 1 G2a3), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536 PLoS open-access journal], [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=3DD05A618FCAAB060655F451860677C8?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000536&representation=PDF PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2010/11/near-eastern-origin-of-european.html Dienekes Blog]
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=== Migration ===
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* '''Brazilian''' Y-Chromosome Lineages, Carvalho-Silva et al. 2001, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/316931]
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== Europe / Mediterranean ==
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* '''R1b1b2 Wave-of-Advance''' Models Y-DNA Europe, Sjödin & François 2011 (two current estimates of mutation rates), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021592 Open-access journal], [http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=B836B4E77E42CB5822F03FAB233034A7?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021592&representation=PDF PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2011/06/modeling-spread-of-r1b1b2-into-europe.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''R1b founder''' Y-DNA in Central and Western Europe, Myres et al. 2010 (2043 M269-derived from 118 populations), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2010.146 Open-access journal], [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v19/n1/pdf/ejhg2010146a.pdf PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2010/08/r1b-founder-effect-in-central-and.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Levant to Mediterranean''' Y-DNA frequencies, El-Sibai et al. 2009 (5874 samples, 885 new, 23 countries), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x Open-access journal], [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x/pdf PDF], [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2009/08/coastal-inland-differences-in-y.html Dienekes Blog]
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* '''Mediterranean Basin''' Y-DNA variation, Capelli et al. 2005 (hundreds of samples from Sicily, Sardinia, Malta, Cyprus, Lebanese, Tunisia, Djerba Jews), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00224.x Open-access journal], [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Capelli_AHG06_Med_Basin_Y.pdf PDF]
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* '''Europe Prehistoric''' Y-DNA I, Rootsi et al. 2004 (7574 samples from 60 populations), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/422196 Open-access journal], [http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/DNA.RootsiHaplogroupISpread.pdf PDF]
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* Check for missing papers: [http://dienekes.blogspot.it/2008/05/ancient-y-chromosome-studies.html Dienekes Ancient Y chromosome studies], [http://www.eupedia.com/europe/origins_haplogroups_europe.shtml#Sources Eupedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Serbs Genetic studies on Serbs]
  
 
== see also ==
 
== see also ==
 
[[South Tyrol (Ötzi’s homeland) historical migrations]]
 
[[South Tyrol (Ötzi’s homeland) historical migrations]]
  
[[Kategorie:DNA]]
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[[Kategorie:Genetic Genealogy]]
 
[[Kategorie:Population]]
 
[[Kategorie:Population]]
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[[Kategorie:English]]

Version vom 30. November 2015, 02:24 Uhr

Interesting information for genetic genealogy and populations genetics of human DNA from the historical Tyrol region (South Tyrol, North Tyrol, East Tyrol, Trentino) and bordering regions of Central Europe: Austria (Vorarlberg, Salzburg, Carinthia/Kärnten, Upper Austria/Oberösterreich, Styria/Steiermark), North Italy (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piemonte, Aosta, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany), Switzerland (Graubünden/Grisons, St. Gallen), South Germany (Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg), Slovenia, Croatia, East/Alpine France (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine, Rhône-Alpes), Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania.

Autosomal and complete genome

admixture example

Publications:

  • South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Y-DNA (UEP), mtDNA, and 8 Alu Polymorphisms, Pichler, Mueller, Stefanov et al. 2006 (277 samples)
    Y-DNA Puster Valley (n=35) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 34%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a* 6%, L 3%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 3%
    Y-DNA Eisack Valley (n=34) P* (xR1a) 46%, BR* (xDE, JR) 29%, R1a* 15%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%, E3a 3%
    Y-DNA Badiot Valley (n=24) P* (xR1a) 58%, BR* (xDE, JR) 21%, R1a* 13%, L 8%
    Y-DNA Lower Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR), R1a1 13%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%
    Y-DNA Upper Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 56%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a1 3%
    Y-DNA Stilfs (n=37) P* (xR1a) 35%, BR* (xDE, JR) 32%, E* (xE3a) 14%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 14%, R1a1 3%, E3a 3%
    Y-DNA South Tyrol (n=194) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 7%, R1a* 5%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 4%, R1a1 3%, L 2%, E3a 1%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 1%
  • South Tyrol three microisolates (MICROS) Genetic study, Pattaro et al. 2007 (1175 participants)
  • South Tyrol Isolates Value for Genetic Dissection of Complex Diseases, Marroni, Pichler et al. 2006 (403 males)

Y-DNA and mtDNA

Y-DNA (Y-Chromosome, Paternal Line)

Tyrolean Y-DNA Publications

  • Tyrolean Alps Y-chromosome Variability, sample evaluation, collection of 3.800 blood samples begins in Jan. 2007, project description, German Project Site: historisch-genetischer Hintergrund Tirol
  • Frequency Y-chromosome Tyrolean district of Reutte, Erhart, Berger, Niederstätter et al. 2012 (261 samples, 17 Y-STRs, 19 Y-SNPs)
    R1b-U106/S21 20,9%, R1b-M269* 13,6%, R1b-U152/S28 12,4%, I1-M253 10,5%, G2a-P15 8,5%, E1b-M78 8,1%, J-M304 8,1%, R1a-M17 7,8%, I2-M223 2,7%, I2-P37.2 2,7%, K-M9* (LT, NO) 0,8%, P-M45* (Q) 0,8%, G-M201* 0,4%, I-M170* 0,4%, R1-M173*
  • East Tyrolean Dissection of Y Chromosome Variation, Niederstätter, Rampl, Erhart, Pitterl, Oberacher et al. 2012 (270 samples, 17 Y-STRs, 27 Y-SNPs)
    R1b-U106/S21 18,9%, I1-M253 15,9%, R1a-M17 14,1%, R1b-U152/S28 12,6%, J-M304 8,9%, G2a-P15 7,4%, R1b-M412/S167* 4,8%, E1b-M78 4,4%, R1b-S116* 3,0%, I2-M223 2,6 %, R1b-L23/S141* 1,9%
  • Tyrol Y-SNPs Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b, Niederstätter et al. 2008 (135 individuals)
    R1b-U106/S21 60%, R1b-U152/S28 21%, R1b-U198 2%, R1b* 19%
  • Tirol Y-STR typing, Berger, Niederstätter et al. 2005 (135 unrelated men and 70 sons)

mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA, Maternal Line)

Emigrants

Bordering Regions

North Italy

Germany (South)

  • Paternal genetic landscape of Polish and German (incl. Bavarian Augsburg/Swabia), Rębała, Martínez-Cruz, Tönjes, Kovacs et al. 2012 (Augsburg/Swabia N=218, 39 HG, 19 STR)
    I1-M253* 13,8%, R1b-U106* 11,5%, R1b-U106-L48 9,2%, R1a-M17-M458 7,8%, E1b-V13 6,9%, R1b-P312* 6,9%, R1b-U152-L2* 5,5%, R1a-M17* 4,6%, R1b-U152* 3,7%, G2a-P15 3,2%, I1-M253-L22 3,2%, J2a-M410-M67* 3,2%, I2-M423 2,8%, R1b-L23* 2,8%, I2-M223 2,3%, J2a-M410* 2,3%, J2b-M241 1,4%, R1b-L21 1,4%, etc.

Italy (incl. Mid)

South Italy

Balkan

Ancient

Migration

  • Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages, Carvalho-Silva et al. 2001, [1]

Europe / Mediterranean

see also

South Tyrol (Ötzi’s homeland) historical migrations